فصلنامه مطالعات میان رشته ای در علوم انسانی
سال سیزدهم شماره 1 (پیاپی 49، زمستان 1399)

The budget or financial plan, as one of the most important tools of the policy-making system and a vital lifeline of the government, has greater impact on directing the future course of a country. It can stimulate the knowledge-based economy and cause the growth and development of the biotechnology sector as one of the top innovations of the present century. The present study is an attempt to investigate and find the coordinates and features of an appropriate budget policy for developing biotechnology in the country.  With a combined approach framework, this article uses an analytical method and determines the proposed features through interviews with policy-making, budgeting, and biotechnological experts.  Utmost, the components of an appropriate budget policy were extracted in 16 main categories: national division of labor, institutional structural reform, strengthening the biotechnology development center, reforming laws and regulations, reforming the law to protect knowledge-based companies, establishing stability and consistency in laws, reforming the country's budget structure, strengthening the pyramidal role of budget, reforming budgeting methods, operational budgeting,  reforming the country's research budget, reforming financial safeguard models, reforming commanding phases, information technology infrastructure, adherence to budget principles, and monitoring of credits spending.

With the epidemic of social media and the empowerment of users to partner with media organizations, the value creation has become an increasing trend in the media industry. News agencies are among organizations that are significantly influenced by users’ participation through social media, citizen journalism, and user-generated content, and benefit from users’ participation in a variety of ways, from news content to analysis and discussions. The current research identifies components and dimensions of value creation in news agencies and develops a strategic model by surveying 735 active users of "Fars.me" system belonging to the Fars News Agency. The research model is based on the motivation of users’ participation in value creation under the influenced of three types: relationship, economic and entertainment values, which result in attitudinal and behavioral loyalty by strengthening the brand. By executing a questionnaire and data collection from 12,330 users who have registered a subject in Fars.me at least once, then using a quantitative approach as well as SPSS, EXCEL, and SMART-PL software, completed questionnaires were analyzed and the proposed model was confirmed. Findings show that the participation of news network audience has had a positive effect on creating relational, entertainment and economic values, respectively, and by strengthening the brand value of the news agency, increases attitudinal and behavioral loyalty of the audience.

Globalization and adaptation to market conditions, the existence of competitive pressures such as the entry of start-ups into the competitive market and the need to increase investment costs have led manufacturers to improve creative methods of customer service, access to new markets, geographical expansion of services and Other operations that can improve logistics costs while improving quality, customer satisfaction and gaining new customers. The most effective solution to this business dilemma is to outsource logistics services based on long-term contracts provided by a third-party logistics service provider. These companies have specialized knowledge in the field of coordination of economic resources and can create new opportunities for producers. Third-party logistics service provider is an external supplier that manages controls and executes logistics activities on behalf of the customer. In this article, the 7 main dimensions of Third-Party logistics enablers have been enumerated by reviewing the research background, textual content analysis and specialized interviews with 16 logistics industry experts using MAXQDA software, then by using DEMATEL technique based on network analysis (DANP) and performing pairwise comparisons and implementations in Excel software, these weighting enablers and the relationships between them were discovered. To collect the data, a pair of researcher-made names were used, the validity and reliability of which were also confirmed. The results of the analysis show that the most important enablers are: production, technical and marketing and sales empowerment, finance, manpower and strategic empowerment, respectively.

The purpose of this study was to identify innovation capacity in Information and communication technology-based firms. In this descriptive and analytical study, the research method was quantitative-qualitative, which was performed in two parts. The first part was done qualitatively through a literature review and interviews with nine policy makers, experts, and managers of companies in the field of information and communication technology. In the second part, the model obtained from the previous stage was surveyed by distributing a questionnaire among 275 companies active in this field to assess the validity of the proposed model. In this research, the most important organizational factors affecting innovation capacity were collaboration and communication, resources of the idea, individual factors, organizational culture, strategies and technology management, knowledge management and organizational learning, and allocation of resources to innovation. In addition, the environmental factors affecting the innovation capacity were respectively institutional support, macroeconomic factors, and the firm location. The innovation outcomes, market outcomes, financial outcomes, and human outcomes were also the most important indicators of innovation capacity measurement. Additionally, environmental factors in promoting the innovation capacity of ICT firms were more important than organizational factors. The reason for this significance seems to be the high impacts of economic growth, stability, competitiveness, and government support for innovation on ICT NTBFs.

Today, Internet advertising (digital marketing) has become a necessity for online and offline businesses. As such, digital marketing businesses are also emerging in Iran and, therefore, need sociological analysis for their growth and development. Given the importance of the subject, this study is an attempt to enumerate the factors affecting individuals' employment in online advertising businesses. In order to access the same, the theoretical research model of the study presented an interdisciplinary approach after examining various sociological, psychological and educational theories and hence, identified six variables i.e., talent, interest, organizational culture, job benefits, socio-economic class and labor market as important factors influencing employment in online advertising businesses. Then, a researcher-made questionnaire was distributed among the statistical population, the research hypotheses were tested, and using the Spearman's correlation coefficient, 5 out of 6 hypotheses with employment as a dependent variable (except socio-economic factor) were confirmed. Additionally, based on the findings of the structural equations (LISREL), the significance of independent variables of interest and labor market with employment dependent variable were not confirmed and it was found that talent (standard coefficient 0.3) and job benefits (standard coefficient 0.62) had the greatest impact in attracting employees to online advertising businesses.

A UN report has identified three ten-year development waves of science, technology and innovation policies in Iran since the beginning of the 1990s. The first wave focused on the development of higher education, the second on the development of research and technology, and the third on the knowledge and innovation–based economy. Thus, the ground and emergence of startups became fertile since the early 90s. A review of internal and external studies and articles on the success and failure of startups indicates a lack of sociological vision and approach and therefore this issue is the main reason for our study. A qualitative method was applied in the study in order to understand the biological world and social attitudes of actors of this ecosystem. Our most important tool was in-depth interviews with people with their narrative and firsthand experiences, then, they were categorized, sorted, and conceptualized (taking into account Clark and Brown's six-step inductive method). The statistical population included six managers and startup owners, two of accelerator managers and six associates. After summarizing and categorizing the findings, we obtained 5 groups of variables (themes) named PESTE where P is for Politics, E for Economy, S for Socio-cultural, T for Technology and E is the sign of Education. Since social ecology of startups in Iran and the world at large are very new and fledgling, but with their application to the modern world, they are certainly very complex and multifaceted, hence, it will definitely encounter failure if one of its five pillars are not fit and accompany each other.